The Moscow Agreement 1963

The emergency appeal agreement made each government responsible for the terms of the communication link on its territory. The telephone line would consist of two terminal points, Washington and Moscow, with both a full-time duplex-cable-telegraph with teletype equipment between the two points via London, Copenhagen, Stockholm and Helsinki, and a full-time radiographic duplex between them through Tangier. If the wire current is interrupted, the messages are transmitted by radio control. Efforts to negotiate an international agreement to end nuclear testing began at the United Nations Commission on Disarmament`s Subcommittee of Five (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France and Soviet Union) in May 1955, when the Soviet Union inserted the abandonment of weapons testing into its proposals. Did you know that? The signing of the treaty banning the ban on atomic bombs was on August 5, 1963, the day before the 18th anniversary of the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II. The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) is the abbreviated name of the 1963 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Tests in the Atmosphere, In Space and Underwater, which prohibits all nuclear weapons explosions, except ground tests. It is also abbreviated as the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) and the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), which can also refer to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), which replaced the PTBT for the ratification of the parties. Negotiations were opened on 15 July 1963 in the Kremlin, in the presence of Khrushchev. Khrushchev reiterated that the Anglo-American inspection plan would amount to espionage, which in fact negates the possibility of a total ban. According to the scenario of his speech of 3 July 1963, Khrushchev did not call for a simultaneous moratorium on underground testing and instead proposed a non-aggression pact.

On Washington`s instructions, Harriman replied that the United States would consider in good faith the possibility of a non-aggression pact, but suggested that if the test ban could be concluded quickly, a non-aggression pact would require lengthy discussions. Moreover, such a pact would complicate the issue of Western access to West Berlin. Harriman also took the opportunity to propose a non-proliferation agreement prohibiting the transfer of nuclear weapons between countries. Khrushchev said that such an agreement should be considered in the future, but in the meantime, a test ban would have the same effect on limiting broadcasting. [153] The ratification of the PTBT coincided with the beginning of a sharp decrease in the amount of radioactive particles in the atmosphere (after the “bomb tip” in the early 1960s), but nuclear proliferation has not been stopped. [1] [171] [172] [173] [174] One year after the PTBT came into force, non-signatory China tested 596 and became the world`s fifth-largest nuclear power. [175] From China, four other states are known or are believed to have acquired nuclear weapons. However, the PTBT has been credited with a slowdown in dissemination, with higher costs associated with underground testing. [20] Kennedy had warned in 1963 that without a test ban, there could be 10 nuclear states by 1970 and 15 to 20 by 1975 15 to 20. [176] The PTBT was signed on 5 August 1963 in Moscow by the governments of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States before being opened for signature by other countries.